Friday, July 10, 2015

VITAMINS—INTRODUCTION—PART1of 4



"A     SOUND    MIND    IN      A      SOUND          BODY"

'Health is wealth' and it does not take too much to maintain good health. A balanced diet, regular care and proper medication are the secrets to a long and healthy life.
The term vitamin was derived from "vitamine", a compound word coined in 1912 by the Polish biochemist Kazimierz Funk when working at the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine.
Why do we need to eat vitamins?


Essential nutrients for our body
Every day, your body produces skin, muscle, and bone. It churns out rich red blood that carries nutrients and oxygen to remote outposts, and it sends nerve signals skipping along thousands of miles of brain and body pathways. It also formulates chemical messengers that shuttle from one organ to another, issuing the instructions that help sustain our life.

But to do all this, our body requires some raw materials. These include vitamins, minerals, and dietary components that your body needs but cannot manufacture on its own in sufficient amounts.



Right from the school days, we have been learning about the significance of vitamins and minerals in our diet. As an adult, now is the time to take action. It is our duty to see whether our daily diet consists of sufficient vitamins and minerals. These days, owing to the hectic lifestyle, people tend to eat processed food or even junk food. These foods do not provide the nutrients that are required for proper functioning of the body. These days, people opt for various supplements that are advertised in an attractive manner. In fact, natural foods are a rich source of vitamins and minerals.

They should be incorporated in the regular diet as they promote physical growth and help keep diseases and illnesses away. Excessive consumption of fortified foods (excessive consumption of vitamins and minerals) leads to toxicity and can result in life-threatening side effects. In order to deal with problems of vitamin deficiency and overdose, it is imperative to know about vitamins and what they do. Take a look at the chart that provides information on important vitamins and their functions in the body.



Vitamins and minerals are considered essential nutrients—because acting in concert, they perform hundreds of roles in the body. They help shore up bones, heal wounds, and bolster your immune system. They also convert food into energy, and repair cellular damage. 
Vitamins and minerals are often called micronutrients because your body needs only tiny amounts of them. Yet failing to get even those small quantities virtually guarantees disease. Here are a few examples of diseases that can result from vitamin deficiencies:
             Scurvy. Old-time sailors learned that living for months without fresh fruits or vegetables—the main sources of vitamin C—causes the bleeding gums and listlessness of scurvy.
             Blindness. In some developing countries, people still become blind from vitamin A deficiency.
             Rickets. A deficiency in vitamin D can cause rickets, a condition marked by soft, weak bones that can lead to skeletal deformities such as bowed legs. Partly to combat rickets, the U.S. has fortified milk with vitamin D since the 1930s.
Just as a lack of key micronutrients can cause substantial harm to your body, getting sufficient quantities can provide a substantial benefit. Some examples of these benefits:
             Strong bones. A combination of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, magnesium, and phosphorus protects your bones against fractures.
             Prevents birth defects. Taking folic acid supplements early in pregnancy helps prevent brain and spinal birth defects in offspring.
             Healthy teeth. The mineral fluoride not only helps bone formation but also keeps dental cavities from starting or worsening.
    Our bodies can’t produce all of the nutrients that we need to function properly, so we have to eat them. Optimal body function cannot occur without a compliment of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and co-factors. These substances all interact with other essential nutrients, especially proteins, to keeps us alive , and at optimum functioning when in correct amounts and balances.  Vitamins are compounds which are necessary for our normal growth and function, which we cannot make within our bodies, and so we must obtain them from our foods.
Most of the compounds needed for our body cells to function for our health, can be made by our cells from other nutrients.  For some reason, we evolved without the ability to make the small number that we call vitamins.  They were present in ample amounts in ordinary foods throughout evolution, so we did not need to make them.  We only need tiny amounts of vitamins, and they are still present in ample amounts in many foods, but it is possible to become deficient in vitamins, and that damages health.
A vitamin  is an organic compound and a vital nutrient that an organism requires in limited amounts. An organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when the organism cannot synthesize the compound in sufficient quantities, and it must be obtained through the diet; thus, the term "vitamin" is conditional upon the circumstances and the particular organism. Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Each vitamin is typically used in multiple reactions, and, therefore, most have multiple functions.For example, ascorbic acid (one form of vitamin C) is a vitamin for humans, but not for most other animal organisms. Supplementation is important for the treatment of certain health problems,
An organic compound contains carbon. When an organism (living thing) cannot produce enough of an organic chemical compound that it needs in tiny amounts, and has to get it from food, it is called a vitamin. Sometimes the compound is a vitamin for a human but not for some other animals. For example, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a vitamin for humans but not for dogs, because dogs can produce (synthesize) enough for their own needs, while humans cannot.
The body does not manufacture or synthesize all the needed vitamins. It does however have the capabilities to manufacture about half when the raw materials are available. Therefore some of the much-needed vitamins must be supplied by the diet or in dietary supplements. Vitamins are essential to the normal functioning of our bodies. They are necessary for growth, vitality, health, general well being, and for the prevention and cure of many health problems and diseases. Vitamins interact with minerals and enzymes acting as co-enzymes within each cell of the body.
Vitamins are a group of substances that are essential for normal cell function, growth, and development. There are many different vitamins  and they do different things to keep our body healthy and there is no one food that contains all of them;  some help your body to digest food for example, and others build strong bones. We need to make sure we  eat a healthy, balanced diet with a good mix of foods to ensure that we get everything we need.
Vitamins  are nutrients that we need in small amounts for our body to function properly and are all found in different foods. The amount of vitamins and minerals our body needs is individual and varies from person to person. It can depend on many things, including our gender, age and activity levels. There are 13 essential vitamins, meaning they are needed for the body to function.
Vitamins are organic compounds which are needed in small quantities to sustain life. We get vitamins from food, because the human body either does not produce enough of them, or none at all.
 Most of the compounds needed for our body cells to function for our health, can be made by our cells from other nutrients.
Function
Each of the vitamins has an important job in the body. A vitamin deficiency occurs when you do not get enough of a certain vitamin. Vitamin deficiency can cause health problems. There are 13 vitamins which all interact with our cell enzymes to regulate a variety of essential bodily functions. They are crucial for many of our metabolic processes, to release energy from nutrients, and in building and maintaining bones, teeth, skin, blood and many other vital body tissues.
Not eating enough fruits, vegetables, beans, lentils, whole grains and fortified dairy foods may increase your risk for health problems, including heart disease, cancer, and poor bone health (osteoporosis).

 How can we get enough vitamins and minerals?

Most people are able to get most of the vitamins and minerals they need by eating a healthy, balanced diet. Aim to eat at least five servings of fruit and vegetables each day. It’s important to include starchy foods (such as bread, potatoes and pasta) and moderate amounts of protein-rich foods (such as meat, fish and pulses) in your meals. A lack of optimal intake due to the inferior nutrient content in the diet; or a physical condition that inhibits absorption or depletes the vitamins can be cause for deficiency, as can lifestyle choices such as smoking and drinking excessively and prolonged physical or emotional stress. Many prescription drugs also deplete nutrients the body needs for maintenance and repair.
Optimally food would be our first choice for supplementing needed vitamins and by eating a varied diet. Foods grown regionally and eaten fresh increase the chances of maintaining the needed vitamins that the body requires. When it is impractical to get the fresh locally grown foods not sprayed with chemical toxins, the next best option is frozen. Stay away from canned foods as much as possible.
Health effects
Other species do not all need the same vitamins.  For example: birds and guinea-pigs, can make their own Vitamin C. Vitamins are essential for the normal growth and development of a multicellular organism. Using the genetic blueprint inherited from its parents, a fetus begins to develop, at the moment of conception, from the nutrients it absorbs. It requires certain vitamins and minerals to be present at certain times. These nutrients facilitate the chemical reactions that produce among other things, skin, bone, and muscle. If there is serious deficiency in one or more of these nutrients, a child may develop a deficiency disease. Even minor deficiencies may cause permanent damage.
Once growth and development are completed, vitamins remain essential nutrients for the healthy maintenance of the cells, tissues, and organs that make up a multicellular organism; they also enable a multicellular life form to efficiently use chemical energy provided by food it eats, and to help process the proteins, carbohydrates, and fats required for respiration.
LIST OF VITAMINS

In humans there are 13 commonly recognized vitamins: 4 fat-soluble; A, D, E and K and 9 water-soluble; 8 B vitamins ( B1thiamin, B2 riboflavin, B3niacin, B5 pantothenic acid, B6 pyridoxine, B7 biotin, B9 folic acid, B12 cobalamin), and vitamin C.

Vitamins are grouped into two categories:
1.    Water-soluble vitamins : Water soluble vitamins can’t be stored in our bodies for long, and we wee them out, so we need to eat them almost every day.Water-soluble vitamins typically are absorbed quickly. They travel in the bloodstream and need to be replenished every day.
2.    Fat-soluble vitamins –  Fat-soluble vitamins use the fats that we eat as a transport system to get around our body, and are stored in those fatty tissues and our liver. Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in our bodies (in the liver and fatty tissues), but they should still be part of a healthy diet. so they don’t need to be taken every day: 2-3 times per week should be sufficient in most cases for adults.
One reason why we need fat in our diet is that the fat-soluble vitamins are transported with fats in “lipoproteins” in our blood, or with specific transport proteins because they cannot dissolve in water (or blood).  These vitamins operate in cells and their membranes. Because these vitamins can be stored in our body, excessively high intakes of them can be toxic (harmful).

References: 




https://www.bupa.co.uk/health-information


http://kidshealth.org 

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