World AIDS Day theme for celebrating this day is ‘Getting to zero’ on December 1--Is the end of AIDS in sight?Member countries of United Nations agreed in September in a new set of global goals to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030.

World AIDS Day on December 1 is used to unite people in the fight against HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus first identified in 1984, to show their support for people living with HIV and commemorate those who have died.This day is celebrated to increase the social awareness of AIDS pandemic which is caused by the HIV infection. World Aids Day is celebrated by the Government organizations which include NGO’s, civil society and other officials.

Inspite of major advances, HIV/AIDS remains one of the world's most significant public health challenges, particularly in low and middle income countries,

A red ribbon symbolizing aids Representational Image Reuters

Here are some facts about AIDS in 2015 with data from the World Health Organisation, the United Nations children's agency UNICEF, and UNAIDS:
1. Globally about 36.9 million people are living with HIV including 2.6 million children

2. An estimated two million were infected in 2014

3. An estimated 34 million people have died from HIV or AIDS, including 1.2 million in 2014

4. The number of adolescent deaths from AIDS has tripled over the last 15 years

5. AIDS is the number one cause of death among adolescents in Africa and the second among adolescents globally

6. In sub-Saharan Africa, the region with the highest prevalence, girls account for seven in 10 new infections among those aged 15-19

7. At start of 2015, 15 million people were receiving antiretroviral therapy compared to one million in 2001

8. Despite widespread availability of HIV testing, only an estimated 51% of people with HIV know their status

9. The global response to HIV has averted 30 million new HIV infections and nearly 8 million deaths since 2000

10. In 2015, Cuba was the first country declared to have eliminated mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

World Aids Day gives the opportunity to increase awareness and an easy access of treatment along with various preventive measures. UNAIDS started organizing this day with several annual themes for betterment of the society. Between 2011-2015 theme for celebrating this day is ‘Getting to zero’, which means zero HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero deaths related to AIDS.

Quotes which can increase the awareness among people!

• Give a child love, laughter and peace, not AIDS.
•  AIDS today is not a death sentence. It can be treated as a chronic illness, or a chronic disease.
• AIDS is an absolutely tragic disease. The argument about AIDS’ being some kind of divine retribution is crap.
•  Because of the lack of education on AIDS, discrimination, fear, panic, and lies surrounded me.
• You can’t get AIDS from a hug or a handshake or a meal with a friend.
•  Some say that AIDS came from the monkeys.
• AIDS is an international epidemic and every country can be affected by it-Therefore, it can be discussed on an international level-Unfortunately, AIDS doesn’t require a visa.
• It is bad enough that people are dying of AIDS, but no one should die of ignorance.
• HIV/AIDS has no boundaries.
•  If you think education is expensive, try ignorance.
•  Every action in our lives touches on some chord that will vibrate in eternity.
• AIDS obliges people to think of sex as having, possibly, the direst consequences:  suicide.  Or murder.
•  The most important thing in illness is never to lose heart.

 World AIDS Day Started in 1988,  is not just about raising money, but also about increasing awareness, fighting prejudice and improving education.  World AIDS Day is important in reminding people that HIV has not gone away, and that there are many things still to be done.

There are several myths which are spread about these diseases amongst the people. Its time people treat the AIDS patient equally with dignity and pride and stop treating them like down trodden people. This year try and do your bit, if you cannot lessen their problems do not increase it. Let us give publicity to H.I.V./AIDS and not hide it, because the only way to make it appear like a normal illness like TB, like cancer, is always to come out and say somebody has died because of H.I.V./AIDS, and people will stop regarding it as something extraordinary. Member countries of United Nations agreed in September in a new set of global goals to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030.

http://www.dnaindia.com/health
http://www.india.com/top-n/world-aids-day
https://www.google.com.sa/

For climate action plans to succeed, focus should be on principles of equity--Climate science has predicted that we will witness catastrophic impacts of climate change if global temperature rise is more than 2 degrees.

Global carbon emissions increased by 50 per cent since 1992 when climate talks began. The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere increased from 356 parts per million (ppm) in 1992 to 400 ppm now. Yet the number of people without access to electricity remained almost same — 1.5 billion in 1992 to 1.3 billion in 2012. This shows that inequity in carbon space continues. Paris will have to take a call if INDCs — submitted by 150 countries till now — add up to meet the target of keeping temperature rise below 2 degrees. What happens if voluntary actions proposed by different countries are not sufficient enough?Will countries which have proposed lower reduction ambitions be asked to enhance their targets? If yes, what will be the basis of doing so? How will the progress on these voluntary actions be monitored? Will developing countries get necessary finance and technology to move to low-carbon growth, as they have been demanding for several years now? These are critical questions over which negotiators will be breaking their heads in the next two weeks. 

COP21 is an annual meeting of 195 countries which constitute the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.COP21 stands for Conference of the Parties and the '21' signifies the 21st meeting of the global climate conference. The conference is being held in Le Bourget, France and will continue till 11th  December. 
Paris just recovering from "TERRORIST ATTACKS"-one of the major threats, has shown strong resilient power and hosting itself for fighting another major threat facing the world — "CLIMATE CHANGE."Negotiators from 190 countries will converge on the French capital for fortnight-long protracted talks under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Kyoto Protocol, which had mandated legally binding cuts, has not been successful in reducing emissions. A ‘bottoms up’ approach was proposed at Warsaw. Instead of a legal treaty on emission cuts, all countries were asked to submit voluntary action plans to reduce emissions.INDCs( Intended Nationally Determined Contributions)is an interim tool and is voluntary. These are actions that countries pledge to take between 2020 and 2030. The time period from 2015 to 2020 will be used to hold further talks about a climate change treaty that will take effect after 2030.Hence Paris talks could turn out to be a milestone in deciding future pathways for climate talks.

Climate change talks are not about ecology but about economy and politics. Carbon emissions are directly linked to economic growth. Of course, it is possible to take a low-carbon growth trajectory but  requires new technology and additional finance.Eg-Efficient use of alternative sources of energy. Climate talks are about equity-the carbon budget of the world is limited.Developed economies will have to do more in the form of greater emission cuts, leaving more carbon space for developing and poor countries as this is necessary to correct historical inequities. Between 1850 and 2011, America emitted 411 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide. It means a country with about five per cent of world population has emitted 21 per cent of world’s total carbon dioxide till 2011. The 28-member European Union has emitted 18.4 per cent. In comparison, China has emitted 10.7 per cent and India just 2.8 per cent. Today China and India may figure in top five emitters, but their emissions still remain far below in historical context. From 1850–2011, the entire continent of Africa emitted 50 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide, which is 2.7 per cent of world’s total emissions.

Some Drastic Consequences of Global Warming

• Extreme heat waves will not only affect human health, but also transportation and energy systems, as well as crop and livestock production.
• Drastic effect across the Earth on precipitation patterns, animal migration and ecosystems.
• Increased heavy downpours will lead to increased flooding, and they’ll speed up snow/glaciers melt, which impacts levels and availability of drinking water.Eg-Recent floods in Tamilnadu & Andhra Pradesh
• Rising water temperatures and ocean acidification threaten coral reefs and the rich ecosystems they support, adversely affecting the tourism and seafood industries.
• Insect infestations and wildfires are already increasing and are projected to increase further in a warming climate.Life-threatening diseases like malaria will spread more rapidly as host insects thrive in warmer conditions.
• Sea-level rise of more than three feet, on top of storm surges, will increasingly threaten homes and other coastal infrastructure. Coastal flooding will become more frequent and severe, and coastal land will increasingly be lost to the rising seas.
• Ecosystems will certainly change, and many may become extinct.

One of the vidences for submerging of low lying areas is reconstructing of BUDHATEMPLE in Banakok. Even houses are constructed in protected areas due to increase in sea levels. Chance of submerging of BANKOK in future due to GLOBAL WARMING.

Here are some things you can do in your own life to mitigate climate change’s long-term effects:

• Drive a more fuel-efficient car, or at least drive more fuel-efficiently.Car pooling or using public transports.
• Buy organic food-if all tillable farmland were converted to organic methods, 25 percent of the heat-trapping carbon dioxide emitted  would be sequestered in soil.
• Conserve energy use-ENERGY SAVED is ENERGY PRODUCED.
• Avoid burning leaves, trash, and other materials--releases particulate pollution and greenhouse gases like nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide into the air.
• Fuel up  car after dark,  less likely to lose oil to evaporation (and waste fuel).
• Install a rain garden/rain harvesting in yard, and reduce runoff that can flood roads and other transportation systems-it increases even ground water levels.
• Take advantage of government funding for energy improvements in home-taking subsidies on  LED bulbs,SOLAR PANELS etc.
• Remember that the threat of global warming is still pressing. A bad economy and a weak job market may feel like more immediate concerns, effect healthcare costs associated with climate-change-induced diseases like asthma and strokes.

 If countries do nothing to reduce emissions, the earth has almost no chance of staying under the 2 degree limit, and it is likely that the temperature rise would be above 4 degrees.If countries implement their INDCs through 2030 and ramp up efforts beyond it, the world will have a much better chance of avoiding extreme warming and keeping temperature change below 2 degrees.Climate change is real and that not only GOVERNMENTS  every global citizen has to take real action to reduce chances of it becoming catastrophic for future generations. Global climate change has already significantly altered the Earth, and if allowed to continue, will have a serious effect on the planet’s future.Most scientists say failure to agree on strong measures in Paris would doom the world to ever-hotter average temperatures, bringing with them deadlier storms, more frequent droughts and rising sea levels as polar ice caps melt.

http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis
https://www.google.com.sa
http://www.rodalewellness.com/living-well/living/consequences-global-warming

Autumn is when "Every Leaf is a Golden Flower"- 1400-Year-Old Chinese Ginkgo Tree Drops Leaves That Drown Buddhist Temple In A Yellow Ocean

A 1,400-year-old ginkgo tree in China has recently drawn thousands of people from all over the country. Golden leaves have been falling on the ground since mid-November, turning the temple’s ground into a yellow ocean. The ancient tree grows next to the Gu Guanyin Buddhist Temple in the Zhongnan Mountains and is a perfect celebration of autumn.

When autumn comes...  changes completely like the pictures below, and drops together... however, with the drought and wind leaves begin to drop sooner.... it does have an attractive yellow leaves, and shaped like the tail of a fish..

Autumn is when "Every Leaf is a Golden Flower"!Ginko species are the oldest living trees in the world.The ginkgo tree, also known as the maidenhair, is sometimes referred to as a “living fossil” because, despite all the drastic climate changes, it has remained unchanged for more than 200 million years. It is a living link to the times when the dinosaurs ruled the earth.The Ginko was the first vegetation to grow back after the bombs were dropped on Japan.

https://www.facebook.com/SijoKJose

Algae has been engineered to kill cancer cells and leave healthy cells unharmed 90% of cancer cells destroyed!

Scientists have genetically engineered tiny algae to kill up to 90 percent of cancer cells in the lab, while leaving healthy ones unharmed, and the treatment has also been shown to effectively treat tumours in mice without doing damage to the rest of the body.

A microscope image of cancer cells in the cervix American Cancer Society/Getty Images

Developing medicine that only attacks tumour cells and leaves the rest of the body alone is one of the biggest challenges in cancer drug therapy. Such targeted chemotherapy helps to avoid some of the devastating side-effects associated with typical chemo treatment, when all fast-dividing cells in the body are bombarded with toxic drugs – including hair follicles, nails, and bone marrow.

Now an international team of scientists from Australia and Germany have genetically engineered a diatom algae that can get the synthetic nanoparticle job done just as nicely.

"Much attention has been paid to developing drug carriers that are natural, biocompatible and biodegradable."The tiny biosilica diatom algae meet these criteria, as they mostly just need water and light to grow, and can break down if left to the elements.

This image shows the green algae cells delivering the yellow chemotherapy drugs to the purple lymphocyte cells, which will attack the cancer cells (University of South Australia)

By choosing the right antibody, the algae nanoparticles can be easily pointed in the direction of tumour cells only.The team stuffed the diatoms full of chemo drugs using a special two-step method, and then tested the nanoparticles on cancer cells both in vitro and in mice with induced neuroblastoma tumours.

Developing medicine that only attacks tumour cells and leaves the rest of the body alone is one of the biggest challenges in cancer drug therapy. Such targeted chemotherapy helps to avoid some of the devastating side-effects associated with typical chemo treatment, when all fast-dividing cells in the body are bombarded with toxic drugs – including hair follicles, nails, and bone marrow.Not only did the algae successfully kill roughly 90 percent of cancer cells in a dish while sparing healthy human cells, they also reduced tumour growth in mice after a single injected dose.This novel drug delivery system based on a biotechnologically tailored, renewable material holds a lot of potential for the therapy of solid tumours, including currently untreatable brain tumour.

http://www.sciencealert.com/

World’s largest floating wind farm will be installed in Scotland with oil money

Offshore wind has come a long way in recent years, in large part because of how heavily the UK has invested in the technology. But most of this development has been with conventional wind technology, which requires that the turbines be mounted to the seafloor or lakebed in relatively 

shallow water.

The world’s largest floating offshore wind development will be installed off the coast of Peterhead after the application has been granted a marine licence by the Scottish Government. It is expected that the Hywind Scotland development could power up to 19,900 houses.

Norwegian Statoil propose developing a pilot park of five floating 6 MW turbines which is to be located approximately 25km off the coast of Peterhead with a generating capacity of 135GWh of electricity each year.

Unlike conventional turbines, Hywind turbines will be attached to the seabed by a three-point mooring spread and anchoring system. The turbines will be connected by an inter-array of cables and an export cable will transport electricity from the pilot park to shore at Peterhead.

“The ability to leverage existing infrastructure and supply chain capabilities from the offshore oil and gas industry create the ideal conditions to position Scotland as a world leader in floating wind technology.”

“Successfully developing floating turbines could enable Scotland to secure even more clean energy from offshore wind in the future. With the right political support for offshore wind and other renewable technologies, Scotland is well placed to become the EU’s first renewable electricity nation by 2030.Floating turbines have many attractive benefits, according to Renewable Energy World.

Another benefit is that floating platforms can generally be commissioned and assembled at the quayside, without the need for heavy-lift jackup or dynamic positioning (DP) vessels, further reducing the cost and risk of deployment activities.

“Eliminating offshore lifting operations also provides for decreased weather window restrictions on installation.” 

The fact that foundations are not necessary with floating technology also means that piling activities and sea life disturbance can be minimized—greatly reducing negative environmental impacts. Moreover, reduced geotechnical requirements mean that core sampling is only needed to test the seabed ahead of appropriate anchor selection, as opposed to the necessity of core sampling at every pile site.

According to research from the Carbon Trust, floating wind turbines could reduce the price of offshore wind to less than $150 megawatt-hours (MWh), and larger projects such as Hywind may drop the price even lower to $130-145 MWh. The current average price is $172 MWh.

“Floating wind represents a new, significant and increasingly competitive renewable energy source,” A key advantage of using floating wind platforms is that they allow developers access to previously inaccessible waters where there is stronger yet less turbulent winds—helping to reduce the overall cost of wind energy.


http://ecowatch.com/2015/11/03/floating-wind-farm-scotland
http://www.offgridquest.com/energy/wind-power
https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk

PART-3/8--The Universe: Big Bang to Now in 10 Easy Steps((The Origin, History, Evolution & Future of the Universe)

How the Universe Came to Be
INTRODUCTION

Credit: Subaru/ P. Capak (SSC/Caltech)

The broadly accepted theory for the origin and evolution of our universe is the Big Bang model, which states that the universe began as an incredibly hot, dense point roughly 13.7 billion years ago. So, how did the universe go from being fractions of an inch (a few millimeters) across to what it is today?

Here is a breakdown of the Big Bang to now in 10 easy-to-understand steps.



10.How It All Started

Credit: NASA/WMAP

The Big Bang was not an explosion in space, as the theory's name might suggest. Instead, it was the appearance of space everywhere in the universe, researchers have said. According to the Big Bang theory, the universe was born as a very hot, very dense, single point in space.
In 2001, NASA launched the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) mission to study the conditions as they existed in the early universe by measuring radiation from the cosmic microwave background. Among other discoveries, WMAP was able to determine the age of the universe — about 13.7 billion years old.

9.The Universe's First Growth Spurt

Credit: NASA, ESA, and S. Beckwith (STScI) and the HUDF Team

When the universe was very young — something like a hundredth of a billionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second (whew!) — it underwent an incredible growth spurt. During this burst of expansion, which is known as inflation, the universe grew exponentially and doubled in size at least 90 times.
After inflation, the universe continued to grow, but at a slower rate. As space expanded, the universe cooled and matter formed.
8.Too Hot to Shine

Credit: NASA/WMAP

Light chemical elements were created within the first three minutes of the universe's formation. As the universe expanded, temperatures cooled and protons and neutrons collided to make deuterium, which is an isotope of hydrogen. Much of this deuterium combined to make helium.

For the first 380,000 years after the Big Bang, however, the intense heat from the universe's creation made it essentially too hot for light to shine. Atoms crashed together with enough force to break up into a dense, opaque plasma of protons, neutrons and electrons that scattered light like fog.
7.Let There Be Light

Credit: ESA/ LFI & HFI Consortia

About 380,000 years after the Big Bang, matter cooled enough for electrons to combine with nuclei to form neutral atoms. This phase is known as "recombination," and the absorption of free electrons caused the universe to become transparent. The light that was unleashed at this time is detectable today in the form of radiation from the cosmic microwave background.

Yet, the era of recombination was followed by a period of darkness before stars and other bright objects were formed.
6.Emerging from the Cosmic Dark Ages

Credit: ESA XMM-Newton/EPIC, LBT/LBC, AIP (J. Kohnert)

Roughly 400 million years after the Big Bang, the universe began to come out of its dark ages. This period in the universe's evolution is called the age of re-ionization.
During this time, clumps of gas collapsed enough to form the very first stars and galaxies. The emitted ultraviolet light from these energetic events cleared out and destroyed most of the surrounding neutral hydrogen gas. The process of re-ionization, plus the clearing of foggy hydrogen gas, caused the universe to become transparent to ultraviolet light for the first time.
5.More Stars and More Galaxies

Credit: ESA, Hubble, NASA

Astronomers comb the universe looking for the most far-flung and oldest galaxies to help them understand the properties of the early universe. Similarly, by studying the cosmic microwave background, astronomers can work backwards to piece together the events that came before.
4.Birth of Our Solar System

Credit: NASA

Our solar system is estimated to have been born a little after 9 billion years after the Big Bang, making it about 4.6 billion years old. According to current estimates, the sun is one of more than 100 billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy alone, and orbits roughly 25,000 light-years from the galactic core.

Many scientists think the sun and the rest of our solar system was formed from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust known as the solar nebula. As gravity caused the nebula to collapse, it spun faster and flattened into a disk. During this phase, most of the material was pulled toward the center to form the sun.
3.The Invisible Stuff in the Universe

Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/CfA/M.Markevitch et al.; Optical: NASA/STScI; Magellan/U.Arizona/D.Clowe et al.; Lensing Map: NASA/STScI; ESO WFI; Magellan/U.Arizona/D.Clowe et al.

In the 1960s and 1970s, astronomers began thinking that there might be more mass in the universe than what is visible.
This mysterious and invisible mass became known as dark matter. Dark matter is inferred because of the gravitational pull it exerts on regular matter. One hypothesis states the mysterious stuff could be formed by exotic particles that don't interact with light or regular matter, which is why it has been so difficult to detect.

Dark matter is thought to make up 23 percent of the universe. In comparison, only 4 percent of the universe is composed of regular matter, which encompasses stars, planets and people.
2.The Expanding and Accelerating Universe

Credit: NASA, ESA, D. Coe (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, and Space Telescope Science Institute), N. Benitez (Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia, Spain), T. Broadhurst (University of the Basque Country, Spain), and H. Ford

In the 1920s Hubble observed that the universe is not static, but rather is expanding.

Decades later, in 1998, the prolific space telescope named after the famous astronomer, the Hubble Space Telescope, studied very distant supernovas and found that, a long time ago, the universe was expanding more slowly than it is today. This discovery was surprising because it was long thought that the gravity of matter in the universe would slow its expansion, or even cause it to contract.

Dark energy is thought to be the strange force that is pulling the cosmos apart at ever-increasing speeds, but it remains undetected and shrouded in mystery. The existence of this elusive energy, which is thought to make up 73 percent of the universe, is one of the most hotly debated topics in cosmology.
1.Still a Lot to Learn

Credit: NASA

Dark matter and dark energy remain two of the biggest mysteries, but cosmologists continue to probe the universe in hopes of better understanding how it all began.




http://www.space.com/13320-big-bang-universe-10-steps-explainer.html

Today-100th anniversary of Albert Einstein's presentation of the complete theory of general relativity to the Prussian Academy.Einstein's Theory of Relativity in Real Life.

Relativity is one of the most famous scientific theories of the 20th century, but how well does it explain the things we see in our daily lives?

photo credit: Warped Clocks. Robert Kyllo/Shutterstock.

Credit: agsandrew | Shutterstock.com

Formulated by Albert Einstein in 1905, the theory of relativity is the notion that the laws of physics are the same everywhere. The theory explains the behavior of objects in space and time, and it can be used to predict everything from the existence of black holes, to light bending due to gravity, to the behavior of the planet Mercury in its orbit.
The theory is deceptively simple. First, there is no "absolute" frame of reference. Every time you measure an object's velocity, or its momentum, or how it experiences time, it's always in relation to something else. Second, the speed of light is the same no matter who measures it or how fast the person measuring it is going. Third, nothing can go faster than light.

The implications of Einstein's most famous theory are profound. If the speed of light is always the same, it means that an astronaut going very fast relative to the Earth will measure the seconds ticking by slower than an Earthbound observer will — time essentially slows down for the astronaut, a phenomenon called time dilation.

Any object in a big gravity field is accelerating, so it will also experience time dilation. Meanwhile, the astronaut's spaceship will experience length contraction, which means that if you took a picture of the spacecraft as it flew by, it would look as though it were "squished" in the direction of motion. To the astronaut on board, however, all would seem normal. In addition, the mass of the spaceship would appear to increase from the point of view of people on Earth.

There are several instances of relativity that we can see in our daily lives, and even technologies we use today that demonstrate that Einstein was right. Here are some ways we see relativity in action.

1. Global Positioning System

Credit: Mechanik

In order for your car's GPS navigation to function as accurately as it does, satellites have to take relativistic effects into account. This is because even though satellites aren't moving at anything close to the speed of light, they are still going pretty fast. The satellites are also sending signals to ground stations on Earth. These stations (and the GPS unit in your car) are all experiencing higher accelerations due to gravity than the satellites in orbit.

To get that pinpoint accuracy, the satellites use clocks that are accurate to a few billionths of a second (nanoseconds). Since each satellite is 12,600 miles (20,300 kilometers) above Earth and moves at about 6,000 miles per hour (10,000 km/h), there's a relativistic time dilation that tacks on about 4 microseconds each day. Add in the effects of gravity and the figure goes up to about 7 microseconds. That's 7,000 nanoseconds.


The difference is very real: if no relativistic effects were accounted for, a GPS unit that tells you it's a half mile (0.8 km) to the next gas station would be 5 miles (8 km) off after only one day.

So the next time your plane approaches an airport in bad weather, and you just happen to be wondering "what good is basic physics?", think about Einstein and the GPS tracker in the cockpit, helping the pilots guide you to a safe landing.

2.Electromagnets

Magnetism is a relativistic effect, and if you use electricity you can thank relativity for the fact that generators work at all.

Credit: long8614 | Shutterstock.com

Thomas Moore, a professor of physics at Pomona College in Claremont, California, uses the principle of relativity to demonstrate why Faraday's Law, which states that a changing magnetic field creates an electric current, is true.

"Since this is the core principle behind transformers and electric generators, anyone who uses electricity is experiencing the effects of relativity,"
3. Gold's Yellow Color
Most metals are shiny because the electrons in the atoms jump from different energy levels, or "orbitals." Some photons that hit the metal get absorbed and re-emitted, though at a longer wavelength. Most visible light, though, just gets reflected.Electrons in the inner orbitals carry energy that is closer to the energy of outer electrons, and the wavelengths that get absorbed and reflected are longer.

Credit: optimarc

White light is a mix of all the colors of the rainbow, but in gold's case, when light gets absorbed and re-emitted the wavelengths are usually longer. That means the mix of light waves we see tends to have less blue and violet in it. This makes gold appear yellowish in color since yellow, orange and red light is a longer wavelength than blue.
4. Gold Doesn't Corrode Easily

The relativistic effect on gold's electrons is also one reason that the metal doesn't corrode or react with anything else easily.

Gold has only one electron in its outer shell, but it still is not as reactive as calcium or lithium. Instead, the electrons in gold, being "heavier" than they should be, are all held closer to the atomic nucleus. This means that the outermost electron isn't likely to be in a place where it can react with anything at all — it's just as likely to be among its fellow electrons that are close to the nucleus.

Credit: MarcelClemens

5. Mercury Is a Liquid

Similar to gold, mercury is also a heavy atom, with electrons held close to the nucleus because of their speed and consequent mass increase. With mercury, the bonds between its atoms are weak, so mercury melts at lower temperatures and is typically a liquid when we see it.

6.Old TV

Credit: Andrii Malysh

Just a few years ago most televisions and monitors had cathode ray tube screens. A cathode ray tube works by firing electrons at a phosphor surface with a big magnet. Each electron makes a lighted pixel when it hits the back of the screen. The electrons fired out to make the picture move at up to 30 percent the speed of light. Relativistic effects are noticeable, and when manufacturers shaped the magnets, they had to take those effects into account.
7. Light

If Isaac Newton had been right in assuming that there is an absolute rest frame, we would have to come up with a different explanation for light, because it wouldn't happen at all.


"Not only would magnetism not exist but light would also not exist, because relativity requires that changes in an electromagnetic field move at a finite speed instead of instantaneously.""If relativity did not enforce this requirement … changes in electric fields would be communicated instantaneously … instead of through electromagnetic waves, and both magnetism and light would be unnecessary."
8. Nuclear Plants and Supernovas

Relativity is one reason that mass and energy can be converted into each other, which is how nuclear power plants work, and why the sun shines. Another important effect is in supernova explosions, which signal the death of massive stars.

Supernova remnant W498. This view combines infrared images from the ground (red, green) with X-ray data from NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory (blue).

Credit: Caltech/SSC/J. Rho and T. Jarrett and NASA/CXC/SSC/J. Keohane et al.

"[Supernovas] exist because relativistic effects overcome quantum effects in the core of a sufficiently massive star, allowing it to suddenly collapse under its own weight until it becomes a much smaller and harder neutron star."

Friends--So the next time your plane approaches an airport in bad weather, and you just happen to be wondering "what good is basic physics?", think about Einstein and the GPS tracker in the cockpit, helping the pilots guide you to a safe landing.

http://www.livescience.com/48922-theory-of-relativity-in-real-life.html

PART2/8--Photos: Peering Back to the Big Bang & Early Universe(The Origin, History, Evolution & Future of the Universe)

The Big Bang theory proposes that the universe began as an extremely hot and dense dot only a few millimeters wide. It since grew over 13.7 billion years into the vast and cooler expanding cosmos that presently exists. An extension of the Big Bang model, inflation, poses that the universe initially expanded far faster than the speed of light and grew from a subatomic size to a golf-ball size almost instantaneously, shown in this diagram.

Astronomers Detect First Split-Second of the Universe picture of the infant universe. Colors indicate "warmer" (red) and "cooler" (blue) spots. The white bars show the "polarization" direction of the oldest light.

After Big Bang Came Moment of Pure Chaos, Study Finds

Credit: ESO

Snapshot from a computer simulation of the formation of large-scale structures in the universe, showing a patch of 100 million light-years and the resulting coherent motions of galaxies flowing toward the highest mass concentration in the center.

Star Observations Could Solve Cosmic Riddle

Credit: European Southern Observatory

The globular cluster NGC 6397 contains around 400,000 stars and is located about 7,200 light years away in the southern constellation Ara. With an estimated age of 13.5 billion years, it is likely among the first objects of the galaxy to form after the Big Bang.

New Model of the Early Universe

Credit: Alvaro Orsi, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University.

The universe, 590 million years after the Big Bang, may have looked like this, according to computer simulations, with some stretches of dark matter (green) and galaxies with varying luminosity of star formation (yellow is brightest).

Credit: NASA, ESA, R. Windhorst (Arizona State University) and H. Yan (Spitzer Science Center, Caltech)

This image shows primordial dwarf galaxy candidates circled in green. Three enlargements at right show several dwarf objects that are at the limits of Hubble's present instrument capabilities in September 2004. The Hubble UDF is a small region of sky in the direction of the southern constellation Fornax. The faintest objects are less than one four-billionth the brightness of stars that can be seen with the naked eye. 

Explanation of Dark Matter Might Lie in Origin of Stars

Credit: Science

One scenario envisioning the creation of the earliest stars suggests that dark matter particles are very light and can zip through space more quickly. These warm dark matter models predict that dark matter formed long filamentary structures along which stars appeared like pearls on a string. In this simulation, a gas filament condenses and then fragments to form the first stars. The blue shading in this image reflects changes in the gas's density. 

Some of the Universe's First Galaxies Discovered

Credit: M. Ouchi et al.

This is a composite of false color images of the galaxies found at the early epoch around 800 million years after the Big Bang. The upper left panel presents the galaxy confirmed in the 787 million year old universe. These galaxies are in the Subaru Deep Field.

Farthest Galaxy Found, Perhaps

Credit: NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (Space Telescope Science Institute)

An artist's impression of an embryonic galaxy brimming with star birth in the early universe, less than a billion years after the Big Bang. This image was prompted by the discovery in 2008 of a young galaxy, called A1689-zD1, that was born about 700 million years after the Big Bang.

Violent Explosion Is Most Distant Object Ever Seen

Credit: A.J.Levan & N.R.Tanvir

Gamma-ray burst GRB 090423 is the small, very red source in the center of this image. The red color is indicative of its great distance — about 13.1 billion light years — since all the optical light has been absorbed by intergalactic hydrogen gas, leaving only infrared light. 

Black Holes Gave Our Baby Universe a Fever

Credit: Amanda Smith/IoA

A graph showing the temperature of the intergalactic medium when the universe was between one and three billion years old, overlaid on an artist's impression of the emergence of galaxies over the same period. The shaded region shows the range of possible temperatures measured from the team's data. The warming occurred at a time when the growth of galaxies was in full swing. 

 Mystery Swirls Around 'Dark Stars'

Credit: University of Utah

This artist's conception shows what an invisible "dark star" might look like when viewed in infrared light that it emits as heat. The core is enveloped by clouds of hydrogen and helium gas. A new University of Utah study suggests the first stars in the universe did not shine, but may have been dark stars.

Conditions for Universe's First Stars Recreated In Lab

Credit: David A. Aguilar (CfA)

The first primordial stars began as tiny seeds that grew rapidly into stars one hundred times the mass of our own sun. Seen here in this artist impression, swirling clouds of hydrogen and helium gases are illuminated by the first starlight to shine in the universe. 

New Sky Map Could Help Reveal How Universe Formed

Credit: ESA/ LFI & HFI Consortia

The microwave sky as seen by ESA's Planck satellite. Light from the main disk of the Milky Way is seen across the center band, while radiation left over from the Big Bang is visible on the outskirts of the image.

Earliest Galaxies Helped Lift Universe's Cosmic Fog

Credit: R. McLure/J. Dunlop/R. Ellis/B.Robertson/D. Stark [Full Story]

This is a true-color image from the part of the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field, released in 2010. It has allowed researchers to identify a new population of the most-distant known galaxies (white circles) present when the universe was less than 800 million years old. These galaxies may be responsible for ionizing intergalactic gas early in the universe's history. 

Early Universe Protocluster

Credit: Subaru/ P. Capak (SSC/Caltech)

This extremely distant protocluster represents a group of galaxies forming very early in the universe, about only a billion years after the Big Bang.

Oldest, Most Distant Galaxy Seen by Hubble

Credit: NASA, ESA

Shown here is the Hubble Space Telescope's photo of a candidate galaxy that existed 480 million years after the Big Bang (the z~10 galaxy) and the position in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) where it was found. The galaxy is touted as the oldest, most distant one yet seen by Hubble. This field — called HUDF09 — is the deepest infrared image ever taken of the universe as of January 2011.

Deepest Image of the Sky Ever Obtained in the Near-infrared

Credit: NASA, ESA

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has made the deepest image of the universe ever taken in near-infrared light, released in 2009. The faintest and reddest objects in the image are galaxies that formed 600 million years after the Big Bang. The image was taken by the new Wide Field Camera 3 in the same region as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), which was taken in 2004 and is the deepest visible-light image of the universe.

Newfound Galaxy 480 Million Years After the Big Bang

Credit: NASA, ESA, Garth Illingworth (University of California, Santa Cruz) and Rychard Bouwens (University of California, Santa Cruz and Leiden University) and the HUDF09 Team.

Graphic: Hubble Telescope Deep Field Vision

Credit: NASA

This NASA graphic shows how astronomers have used the Hubble Space Telescope to see deeper into the cosmos than ever before and hope to see even farther with the future James Webb Space Telescope.  

Hubble Telescope Zooms in on Oldest Galaxy

Credit: NASA, ESA, G. Illingworth (University of California, Santa Cruz), R. Bouwens (University of California, Santa Cruz, and Leiden University), and the HUDF09 Team

First Stars in the Universe Were Fast Spinners

Credit: A. Stacy, University of Texas.

This image depicts a simulation of the formation of the first stars showing fast rotation. These stars, which researchers called "spinstars," formed rig

CERN's Large Hadron Collider Creates Conditions Moments After Big Bang

Credit: CERN

Researchers calculated the weight of an antiproton, a finding that could shed light on the puzzle over what happened to all the antimatter that was created.

Mini Big Bang Created, Puzzling Results Too Explosive

Credit: Brookhaven National Laboratory

Two gold nuclei collide in the center of this image, perhaps creating a new state of matter called the quark-gluon plasma, thought to have been the state.

Controversial Study Suggests Our Universe is One of Many

Credit: Roger Penrose and Vahe Gurzadyan

Some researchers think concentric ring patterns in measurements of the cosmic microwave background are evidence of a universe that existed before our own.

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